Multilevel Object Tracking in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks for Surveillance Applications Using Graph-Based Big Data

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8721634/keywords#keywordsWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN), for object tracking, have been used as an emerging technology in different application areas, such as health care, surveillance, and traffic control. In surveillance applications, sensor nodes produce data almost in real-time while tracking the objects in a critical area or monitoring border activities. The generated data is generally treated as big data and stored in NoSQL databases. In this paper, we present a new object tracking approach for surveillance applications developed using a big data model based on graphs and a multilevel fusion. Our approach consists of three main steps: intra-node fusion, inter-node fusion, and object trajectory construction. Intra-node fusion exploits the detection and tracking of objects in each sensor, while inter-node fusion uses spatio-temporal data and neighboring sensors. Then, the fused data of all sensor nodes are combined to construct global trajectories of the detected objects in the monitored area on the WMSN. We implemented a prototype system and evaluated the performance of the proposed approach with both a real dataset and a synthetic dataset. The results of our experiments on the two datasets show that the use of third-level fusion in addition to inter-node and intra-node fusions provides significantly better performance for object tracking in the WMSN applications

Secure wireless powered and cooperative jamming D2D communications

This paper investigates a secure wireless-powered device-to-device (D2D) communication network in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers, where a hybrid base station (BS) in a cellular network not only provides power wirelessly for the D2D transmitter to guarantee power efficiency for the D2D network, but also serves as a cooperative jammer (CJ) to interfere with the eavesdroppers. The cellular and D2D networks can belong to different service providers, which means that the D2D transmitter would need to pay for the energy service released by the hybrid BS to guarantee secure D2D communication. In order to exploit the hierarchical interaction between the BS and the D2D transmitter, we first formulate a Stackelberg game based energy trading scheme, where the quadratic energy cost model is considered. Then, a non-energy trading based Stackelberg game is investigated to study the reversed roles of the BS and the D2D users. For comparison, we also formulate and resolve the social welfare optimization problem. We derive the closed-form Stackelberg equilibriums of the formulated games and the optimal solutions for the social welfare optimization problem. Simulation results are provided to validate our proposed schemes to highlight the importance of energy trading interaction between cellular and D2D networks

A Fusion-Based Framework for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks in Surveillance Applications

Multimedia sensors enable monitoring applications to obtain more accurate and detailed information. However, the development of efficient and lightweight solutions for managing data traffic over wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) has become vital because of the excessive volume of data produced by multimedia sensors. As part of this motivation, this paper proposes a fusion-based WMSN framework that reduces the amount of data to be transmitted over the network by intra-node processing. This framework explores three main issues: 1) the design of a wireless multimedia sensor (WMS) node to detect objects using machine learning techniques; 2) a method for increasing the accuracy while reducing the amount of information transmitted by the WMS nodes to the base station, and; 3) a new cluster-based routing algorithm for the WMSNs that consumes less power than the currently used algorithms. In this context, a WMS node is designed and implemented using commercially available components. In order to reduce the amount of information to be transmitted to the base station and thereby extend the lifetime of a WMSN, a method for detecting and classifying objects on three different layers has been developed. A new energy-efficient cluster-based routing algorithm is developed to transfer the collected information/data to the sink. The proposed framework and the cluster-based routing algorithm are applied to our WMS nodes and tested experimentally. The results of the experiments clearly demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed WMSN architecture in the real-world surveillance applications

Investigation on Malondialdehyde, S100B, and Advanced Oxidation Protein Product Levels in Significant Hyperbilirubinemia and the Effect of Intensive Phototherapy on these Parameters

BackgroundThe parameters of oxidative stress [advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and S100B] and the effect of intensive phototherapy (PT) on these parameters have not been studied extensively in newborns with significant hyperbilirubinemia (SH). We aimed to measure the levels of MDA, S100B, and AOPPs in newborns with SH, and to compare newborns with healthy control newborns without hyperbilirubinemia on the basis of these parameters of oxidative stress. In addition, we investigated the effect of intensive PT on these parameters during the treatment of SH and report our findings for the first time in the literature.MethodsThe study was performed in newborns (n = 62) who underwent intensive PT because of SH. Newborns without jaundice constituted the control group (n = 30). Both groups were compared with respect to demographic characteristics and biochemical (laboratory) parameters including MDA, AOPPs, and S100B. MDA, AOPPs, and S100B were also compared before and after intensive PT in the PT group. In the study group, a correlation analysis of demographic characteristics; MDA, AOPP, and S100B values; and changes occurring in MDA, AOPPs, and S100B values due to the effect of intensive PT was performed.ResultsSerum total bilirubin, S100B, and MDA levels in the PT group before performing PT were significantly higher than those in the control group. In newborns receiving PT serum total bilirubin, MDA and AOPP levels decreased significantly after intensive PT. In correlation analysis, a statistically significant negative correlation was found only between the amount of bilirubin decrease with PT and AOPP levels after PT in the study group.ConclusionWhether the significant decrease in MDA levels, which was higher prior to PT, is due to the decrease in serum bilirubin levels or due to the effect of intensive PT itself remains to be determined in further studies. The decrease in AOPP levels after PT implies that intensive PT has protective effects on oxidative stress

Fuzzy Modeling Approach for Integrated Assessments Using Cultural Theory,” The

It has already been noted that the accurate prediction of societal responses requires the use of a formal model based on some social or cultural taxonomy. One such taxonomic candidate is Cultural Theory (CT). CT argues that all societies, irrespective of time or place, are informed by their underlying worldviews, which must be more or less Hierarchic, more or less Individualistic, more or less Egalitarian, and more or less Fatalistic. This approach appears to have a potential for cross-temporal and spatial comparisons that makes it a particularly attractive instrument for a study of the human dimensions of global climate change. However, a significant difficulty in previous attempts to use CT in integrated assessment models (IAMs) has been inexactness or uncertainty inherent in both IAMs and CT. In this paper we introduce a fuzzy-based modeling approach using CT in integrated assessment approach to model social reactions to environmental policy decisions

Fuzzy logic in its 50th year: new developments, directions and challenges

This book offers a multifaceted perspective on fuzzy set theory, discussing its developments over the last 50 years. It reports on all types of fuzzy sets, from ordinary to hesitant fuzzy sets, with each one explained by its own developers, authoritative scientists well known for their previous works. Highlighting recent theorems and proofs, the book also explores how fuzzy set theory has come to be extensively used in almost all branches of science, including the health sciences, decision science, earth science and the social sciences alike. It presents a wealth of real-world sample applications, from routing problem to robotics, and from agriculture to engineering. By offering a comprehensive, timely and detailed portrait of the field, the book represents an excellent reference guide for researchers, lecturers and postgraduate students pursuing research on new fuzzy set extensions.

Spatio-Temporal Querying In Video Databases

In this paper a video data model that allows efficient and effective representation and querying of spatio-temporal properties of objects is presented. The data model is focused on the semantic content of video streams. Objects, events, activities performed by objects are main interests of the model. The model supports fuzzy spatial queries including querying spatial relationships between objects and querying the trajectories of objects. The model is flexible enough to define new spatial relationship types between objects without changing the basic data model. A prototype of the proposed model has been implemented. The prototype allows various spatio-temporal queries along with the fuzzy ones and it is prone to implement compound queries without major changes in the data model. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002

Spatio-Temporal Querying In Video Databases

A video data model that supports spatio-temporal querying in videos is presented. The data model is focused on the semantic content of video streams. Objects, events, activities, and spatial properties of objects are main interests of the model. The data model enables the user to query fuzzy spatio-temporal relationships between video objects and also trajectories of moving objects. A prototype of the proposed model has been implemented. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

ENERGY-EFFICIENT FUZZY MULTIMEDIA PROCESSING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

As the cost of hardware of CMOS cameras and microphones is reasonably low, multimedia sensor networks are becoming highly feasible to extract detailed information about the environment. Distributed smart cameras and video sensor networks are examples of some popular applications. However, due to unique properties of multimedia data delivery, we face novel challenges for resource-constrained sensor networks. High bandwidth demands of multimedia frames prevent the transmission of raw data collected at sensor nodes. On the other hand, processing limitations prohibit the use of sophisticated multimedia processing at individual nodes to reduce the amount of data that needs to be communicated. In this paper, we present a novel framework for multimedia processing in wireless sensor networks considering needs of surveillance video applications. In our framework, automatically extracted moving objects, events and objects ’ positions are exploited for efficient communication. We then apply joint processing of collected data to identify events using fuzzy memberships